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121.
122.
Michael Stoukides 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2006,32(3):187-204
Solid electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) have been used to both study and influence catalytic reaction rates. Methane coupling
is the reaction most thoroughly and intensively studied in these membrane reactors. In the last 20 years, oxygen ion (O2−), proton (H+) and mixed (O2−-e−, H+-e−) conducting membranes have been tested in order to maximize the conversion of methane to C2 compounds. The present review contains the fundamental operating principles of the various SEMR types and their applications
in this reaction. The difficulties that should be overcome in order to promote this SEMR process to an industrial scale are
discussed. 相似文献
123.
124.
煤层气(矿井瓦斯)是一种有望替代传统化石燃料,如煤、石油和天然气的非常规气体. 作为可得的清洁能源,它的利用被认为是节能和经济的选择. 在本工作中,非金属原子X(X=H,O,N,S,P,Si,F,Cl)修饰的石墨烯(Gr)被用来代表具有结构异性的煤表面模型. 通过密度泛函理论系统地研究了煤层气组分Y(Y=CH4,CO2,H2O)在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附作用. 结果表明Y在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附均为物理吸附. 态密度和差分电荷密度共同表明了这种弱的相互作用.其中,H和Cl对CH4的作用较大; N、O、F、Cl对CO2的作用较强; N,Cl对H2O的影响不容忽视. 总的来说,吸附能大小依次为:H2O>CO2>CH4. 因此,在CH4富集的煤层里注入H2O或CO2可以与CH4形成竞争吸附,进而提高煤层气采收率. 本工作提供了在分子水平下煤层气与非金属原子修饰石墨烯之间的相互作用的详情,并为煤层瓦斯的开采与分离提供了有用的信息. 相似文献
125.
Eng William Palumbo Anthony V. Sriharan Shobha Strandberg G. W. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1991,(1):887-899
The effect of methanol on trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation by mixed and pure methylotrophic cultures was examined in batch
culture experiments. Methanol was found to relieve growth inhibition ofMethylosinus trichosporium (OB3b) at high (14 mg/L) TCE concentrations. Degradation of TCE was determined by both radiolabeling and gas chromatography
techniques. When cultures were grown on methanol over 10 to 14 d with 0.3 mg/L TCE, OB3b degraded 16.89 ±0.82% (mean± SD)
of the TCE, and a mixed culture (DT type II) degraded 4.55±0.11%. Mixed culture (JS type I) degraded 4.34±0.06% of the TCE.
When grown on methane with 0.3 mg/L TCE, 32.93±2.01% of the TCE was degraded by OB3b, whereas the JS culture degraded 24.3
±1.38% of the TCE, and the DT culture degraded 34.3 ±2.97% of the TCE. The addition of methanol to cultures grown on methane
reduced TCE degradation to 16.21 ±1.17% for OB3b and to 5.08±0.56% for JS. Although methanol reduces the toxicity of TCE to
the cultures, biodegradation of TCE cannot be sustained in methanol-grown cultures. Since high TCE concentrations appear to
inhibit methane uptake and growth, we suggest the primary toxicity of TCE is directed towards the methane monooxygenase. 相似文献
126.
Chynoweth D. P. Bosch G. Earle J. F. K. Legrand Robert Liu Kexin 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1991,(1):421-432
A novel process has been developed and evaluated in a pilotscale program for conversion of the biodegradable fraction of municipal
solid waste (MSW) to methane via anaerobic composting. The sequential batch anaerobic composting (SEBAC) process employs leachate
management to provide organisms, moisture, and nutrients required for rapid conversion of MSW and removal of inhibitory fermentation
products during start-up. The biodegradable organic materials are converted to methane and carbon dioxide in 21–42 d, rather
than the years required in landfills. 相似文献
127.
XiufengXu YanfeiPan XiaoyanCui ZhanghuaiSuo 《天然气化学杂志》2004,13(4):204-208
A natural montmorillonite, produced from Laiyang of Shandong Province, was pillared by Tipolycations to form Ti-pillared clay (Ti-PILC), and characterized by BET surface area, infrared spectra and thermal analysis. The characterization results show that Ti-PILC has a larger surface area and more hydroxyl groups than that of the natural clay, thus was used as the catalytic carriers to prepare supported Cu catalysts (Cu/TiopILC). The 20%Cu/Ti-PILC with 10mmol/g of Ti/clay shows a high catalytic performance of methane combustion in the temperature range of 400-500℃. 相似文献
128.
Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane-bridged Dinuclear Complexes, V[1]. – Heteronuclear Co/Rh-, Co/Ir-, Rh/Ir-, and Ti/Ir Complexes with the Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane Dianion as Bridging Ligand* The lithium and sodium salts of the [C5H5CH2C5H4]- anion, 1 and 2 , react with [Co(CO)4I], [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, and [Ir(CO)3Cl]n to give predominantly the mononuclear complexes [(C5H5-CH2C5H4)M(CO)2] ( 3, 5, 7 ) together with small amounts of the dinuclear compounds [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)2]2 ( 4, 6, 8 ). The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of 3, 5 , and 7 prove that the CH2C5H5 substituent is linked to the π-bonded ring in two isomeric forms. Metalation of 5 and 7 with nBuLi affords the lithiated derivatives 9 and 10 from which on reaction with [Co(CO)4I], [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, and [C5H5TiCl3] the heteronuclear complexes [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)2][M′(CO)2] ( 11–13 ) and [CH2(C5H4)2]-[Ir(CO)2][C5H5TiCl2] ( 17 ) are obtained. Photolysis of 11 and 12 leads almost quantitatively to the formation of the CO-bridged compounds [CH2(C5H4)2][M(CO)(μ-CO)M′(CO)] ( 14, 15 ). According to an X-ray crystal structure analysis the Co/Rh complex 14 is isostructural to [CH2(C5H4)2][Rh2(CO)2(μ-CO)] ( 16 ). 相似文献
129.
Equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed in both the NVT and NPT ensembles to study the structural and dynamical properties of fully occupied methane clathrate hydrates at 50, 125, and 200 K. Five atomistic potential models were used for water, ranging from fully flexible to rigid polarizable and nonpolarizable. A flexible and a rigid model were utilized for methane. The phonon densities of states were evaluated and the localized rattling modes for the methane molecules were found to couple to the acoustic phonons of the host lattice. The calculated methane density of states was found to be in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. 相似文献
130.
Ni/SiO2催化剂上甲烷催化裂解制氢 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
研究了固定床反应器上甲烷在Ni/SiO2催化剂上的裂解反应,并分别用O2、H2O进行催化剂失活/活化循环实验,并对催化剂用XRD进行分析。结果表明,Ni/SiO2催化剂具有良好的催化性能,甲烷转化率~40%,并能在150 min的时间内保持其活性,无论是用空气氧化还是水蒸气汽化,都能有效地活化已失活的催化剂。XRD实验显示,多次裂解-再生循环过程,对催化剂结构没有明显破坏。 相似文献